Resources
Note: The following list is not exhaustive. It is, however, a compilation of infection control resources that have been collected by and sent to the Joint Commission. Resources are categorized by topic area and references are given.
Guideline Reference
Abrutyn, E., Goldman, D., Scheckler, W. Saunders Infection Control Reference Service. Saunders Publishing.
CDC Guidelines
CDC Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings
Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. October 25, 2002. Vol. 51. No.RR-16. Available online: http://www.cdc.gov/handhygiene/
CDC Hand Hygiene Guidelines Fact Sheet. October 25, 2002. Available:http://www.cdc.gov/od/oc/media/pressrel/fs021025.htm
CDC Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. August 9, 2002. Vol.51. No.RR-10. Available online: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/iv/iv.htm
CDC Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiology. April 1999. Vol.20. No.4. Available online: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/SSI/SSI_guideline.htm
CDC Definitions of Nosocomial Infections. APIC Text of Infection Control and Epidemiology; Washington DC: Association for Professionals in Infection Control & Epidemiology, Inc. Chapter 13 – appendix 13-A. Available online:
http://www.apic.org/pdf/cdcdefs.pdf
Please note – the link to these definitions precedes revision of the definition for pneumonia, which was implemented in 2002. Contact CDC for the revised version.
Guideline for infection control in health care personnel, 1998. Bolyard EA, Tablan OC, Williams WW, Pearson ML, Shapiro CN, Deithman SD. HICPAC American Journal of Infection Control 1998;26(3):289-354. Available online at:http://www.apic.org/pdf/gdhcwic.pdf
From the CDC website www.cdc.gov:
- CDC Infection Precaution Guideline: Universal Precautions for Prevention of Transmission of HIV and Other Bloodborne Infections.
- CDC: Recommendations for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals.
- Table: Synopsis of Types of Precautions and Patients Requiring the Precautions.
- Table: Clinical Syndromes or Conditions Warranting Additional Empiric Precautions to Prevent Transmission of Epidemiologically Important Pathogens Pending Confirmation of Diagnosis.
Staffing & Infrastructure Support for Infection Prevention/Control Programs
Staffing Requirements for Infection Control Programs in US Health Care Facilities: Delphi Project. O’Boyle, C, Jackson, M, and Henly, S. Am J Infect Control. October 2002. Vol.30. No.6: 321-33.
Requirements for Infrastructure and Essential Activities of Infection Control and Epidemiology in Hospitals: A Consensus Panel Report. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America Consensus Panel Report. Scheckler, W. et al. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998. Vol.19. pp 114-124 and Am J Infect Control.1998. Vol.26. pp 47-60.
Requirements for Infrastructure and Essential Activities of Infection Control and Epidemiology in Out-of-Hospital Settings: A Consensus Panel Report. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America Consensus Panel Report. Friedman, et al. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol1999. Vol.20. pp 695-705 and Am J Infect Control.1998. Vol.276. pp 418-430.
Practice Analysis for Infection Control and Epidemiology in the New Millenium. Goldrick, B.A., Dingle DA, Gilmore GK, Curchoe RM, Plackner CL, and Fabrey LJ. Am J Infect Control 2002;30:437-48
Professional and Practice Standards Guidelines from Professional Organizations
APIC/CHICA-Canada Infection Control and Epidemiology: Professional and Practice Standards. APIC/CHICA-Canada Professional and Practice Standards Task Force. Am J Infect Control. February 1999. Vol.27. No1.
Infusion Nursing Standards of Practice. Intravenous Nurses Society. Journal of Intravenous Nursing. (supple) 23 (6s), 2000.
Recommended Practices for Surveillance. Surveillance Initiative Work Group. Am J Infect Control. June 1988. Volume 26 Number 3.
Clostridium difficile in Long-Term–Care Facilities for the Elderly. Simor AE, Bradley SF, Strausbaugh LJ, Crossley, Nicolle LE Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2002;23:696-703.
Practical Risk-adjusted Quality Control Charts for Infection Control. Gustafson, T. Am J Infect Control. December 2000. Volume 28, Number 6.
Surgical Site Infections
Hand-rubbing with an aqueous alcoholic solution vs traditional surgical hand-scrubbing and 30-day surgical siteinfection rates: a randomized equivalence study. Parienti JJ, Thibon P, Heller R, Le Roux Y,von Theobald P, Bensadoun H, Bouvet A, Lemarchand F, Le Coutour X, Members of the Antisepsie Chirurgicale des Mains Study Group et al. JAMA 2002 Aug 14;288(6):722-7
Surgical Wound Infection Rates By Wound Class, Operative Procedure, and Patient Risk Index. Culver, D. Horan TC, Gaynes RP, Martone WJ, Jarvis WR, Emori TG, Banerjee SN, Edwards JR, Tolson JS, Henderson TS. The American Journal of Medicine. September 1991. Sep 16;91(3B):152S-157S
Identifying Patients at High Risk of Surgical Wound Infection. Haley RW, Culver DH, Morgan WM, White JW, Emori TG, Hooton TM Am J Epidemiology. 1985; 121(2):206-15.
Antimicrobial Resistant Infections
Controlling Antimicrobial Resistance in Hospitals: Infection Control and Use of Antibiotics. Weinstein, R. Emerging Infectious Diseases. Volume 7, No. 2, March-April 2001.
Practices to Improve Antimicrobial Use at 47 US Hospitals: The Status of the 1997 SHEA/IDSA Position Paper Recommendations. Lawton RM, Fridkin SK, Gaynes RP, McGowan JE, and ICARE Hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000; 21:256-259.
Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America and Infectious Diseases Society of America Joint Committee on the Prevention of Antimicrobial Resistance:Guidelines for the prevention of antimicrobial resistance in hospitals.Shlaes DM, Gerding DN, John, JF, Craig WA, Bornstein DL, Duncan RA. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1997;18(4):275-291.
Antimicrobial Use in Long-Term–Care Facilities. Nicolle LE, Bentley DW, Garibaldi R, Neuhaus EG, Smith PW. InfectControl Hosp Epidemiol 2000;21:537-45.
Efficacy of Interventional Epidemiology & Miscellaneous
AHRQ. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment, No. 43 Making Health Care Safer. A Critical Analysis of Patient Safety Practices. Available online at: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/ptsafety/
Process improvement plan for the reduction of sternal surgical site infections among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Usry GH, Johnson JL, Weems JJjr, Blackhurst D. Am J Infect Control2002;30:434-6.
Nurse-staffing levels and the quality of care in hospitals. Needleman J, Buerhaus P, Mattke S, Stewart M, Zelevinsky K. N Engl J Med 2002 May 30;346(22):1715-22.
Interventional study to evaluate the impact of an alcohol-based hand gel in improving hand hygiene compliance. Harbarth S, Pittet D, Grady L, Zawacki A, Potter-Bynoe G, Samore MH, Goldmann DA. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002 Jun;21(6):489-95
Alcohol-based handrub improves compliance with hand hygiene in intensive care units. Hugonnet S, Perneger TV, Pittet D. Arch Intern Med 2002 May 13;162(9):1037-43
Organizational climate, staffing, and safety equipment as predictors of needlestick injuries and near-misses in hospital nurses. Clarke SP, Rockett JL, Sloane DM, Aiken LH. Am J Infect Control 2002;30:207-16.
Organizational and environmental factors that affect worker health and safety and patient outcomes. Lundstrom T, Pugliese G, Bartley J, Cox J, Guither C. Am J Infect Control 2002;30:93-106.
From expert data collectors to interventionists: Changing the focus for infection control professionals. Murphy DM. Am J Infect Control 2002;30:120-32.
A Prolonged Outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Did Staff Fingernails Play a Role in Disease Transmission? Moolenaar RL, Crutcher JM, San Joaquin VH, Sewell LV, Hutwagner LC, Carson LA, Robison DA, Smithee LM, Jarvis WR. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000;21:80-85.
The Influence of the Composition of the Nursing Staff on Primary Bloodstream Infection Rates in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit. Robert J, Fridkin SK, Blumberg HM, Anderson B, White N, Ray SM, Chan J, Jarvis WR. InfectControl Hosp Epidemiol 2000;21:12-17
Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene. Infection ControlProgramme. Pittet D Hugonnet S, Harbarth S, Mourouga P, Sauvan V, Touveneau S, Perneger TV. Lancet 2000 Oct 14;356(9238):1307-12.
The Revised CDC Guidelines for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals: Implications for Pediatrics. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Infectious Diseases and Committee on Hospital Care. Pediatrics. 1998. 101. pp1-4.
Report on Infectious Diseases 2000. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Infectious Diseases. Red Book 2003.
The Fifth Evolutionary Era in Infection Control: Interventional Epidemiology. Garcia, R., Barnard, B., Kennedy, V. Am J Infect Control 2000; 28:30-43.
Infection Control and Cost Control in the Era of Managed Care. Calfgee, D. and Farr, B. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. Volume 23, Number 7.
Infection Control and Changing Health-Care Delivery Systems. Jarvis, W. Emerging Infectious Diseases. Volume 7, No. 2, March-April 2001.
Patient density, nurse-to-patient ratio and nosocomial infection risk in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit. Archibald LK, et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997 Nov;16(11):1045-8.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens contamination associated with a manufacturing defect in bronchoscopes Kirschke DL Jones TF, Craig AS, Chu PS, Mayernick GG, Patel JA, Schaffner WM. N Engl J Med 2003;348:214-20.
An outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections associated with flexible bronchoscopes Srinivasan, A. Wolfenden LL, Song X, Mackie K, Hartsell, KL, Jones HD, Diette GB, Orens JB Rex, Yung C, Tracy L, Ross L, Merz W, Scheel PJ, Haponik EF, Perl TM N Engl J Med 2003;348:221-7.
Risk factors for retained instruments and sponges after surgery Gawande, AA, Studdert DM, Orav EJ,Brennan TA, Zinner, MJ N Engl J Med 2003;348:229-35.
NNIS System Data Reports and Related Studies
CDC. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System Report, data summary from January 1992 to June 2002, issued August 2002. Am J Infect Control 2002;30:458-75.
Definitions of Key Terms Used in the NNIS System. Horan, T., Emori, T G. Am Journal Infect Control. April 1997.
Nosocomial Infection Rates for Interhospital Comparison: Limitations and Possible Solutions. A report from the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. October 1991.
Interhospital Differences in Nosocomial Infection Rates, Importance of Case-Mix Adjustment. Sax, H., Pittet, D, and the Swiss-NOSO Network. Archives of Internal Medicine. November 25, 2002.
Definitions of Nosocomial Infections. Horan, T, Emori, T. G. Saunders Infection Control Reference Service.Chapter 4. Abrutyrn, Elias, et al. 2d ed. Philadelphia. W.B. Saunders Co,2001.
Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections. Horan, T, Emori, T. G. Saunders Infection Control Reference Service. Chapter 5. Abrutyrn, Elias, et al. 2d ed. Philadelphia. W.B. Saunders Co,2001.
Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections. Gaynes, R and Horan, T. Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, 2e, Chapter 85. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 1999.
Surveillance of Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in United States Hospitals: Project ICARE Phase 2. Fridkin,S.K. Steward CD, Edwards JR, Pryor ER, McGowan JE Jr, Archibald LK, Gaynes RP, Tenover FC. Clinical Infectious Diseases. August 1999.
Accuracy of Reporting Nosocomial Infections in Intensive-Care-unit Patients to the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System: A Pilot Study. Emori, G.T., Edwards JR, Culver DH, Sartor C, Stroud LA, Gaunt EE, Horan TC, Gaynes RP. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. May 1998.
Improving Hospital-Acquired Infection Rates: The CDC Experience. Gaynes, R.P., and Solomon, S. Journal on Quality Improvement. July 1996.
Ambulatory Settings
American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Infectious Diseases and Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine. Pediatrics. 105 pp1361-1369. 2000.
Preventing Infections in the Ambulatory Surgery Setting. Pyrek, K. Infection Control Today. Onlinewww.infectioncontroltoday.com
Infection Control Key to MD Office Accreditation. Healthcare Infection Prevention/supplement to Hospital Infection Control. August 2002.
Home Care Settings
Feasibility of National Surveillance of Health-care-Associated Infections in Home Care Settings. Manangan, L., Pearson, M., Tokars, J., Miller, E. and Jarvis, W. Emerging Infectious Diseases. Volume 8, No.3, March 2002.
Clinical Microbiology Laboratories
Policy Statement on Consolidation of Clinical Microbiology Laboratories. Infectious Diseases Society of America.Clinical Infectious Diseases. February 15, 2001.
Role of Clinical Microbiology Laboratories in the Management and Control of Infectious Diseases and the Delivery of Health Care. Peterson, LR, Hamilton, JD, Baron, EJ, Tompkins, LS, Miller, M, Wilfert, CM, Tenover, FC, Thomson, RB,jr. Clinical Infectious Diseases. February 15, 2001.